Isolasi Bakteri Penghasil Lipase dan Proteaseyang Berpotensi sebagaiAgen Bioremediasi dari Limbah Biomedis Cair Puskesmas Halmahera Kota Semarang

Nisa Arifiani, Stalis Norma Ethica

Abstract


Upaya meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat di wilayah kecamatan di Indonesia dilakukan dengan mendirikan berbagai Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas). Jumlah Puskesmas yang terus bertambah menciptakan risiko meningkatnya kuantitas limbah biomedis. Limbah biomedis berbahaya karena bersifat infeksius sehingga menimbulkan resiko kesehatan dan mudah mengkontaminasi limbah lain apabila tidak diolah dengan baik. Sebagian besar pengolahan limbah biomedis dengan menggunakan IPAL, namun hanya sedikit Puskesmas yang memiliki IPAL. Bioremediasi merupakan suatu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengelola limbah dengan memanfaatkan bakteri indigen penghilang kontaminan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan isolat bakteri indigen penghasil enzim lipase dan protease dan melakukan seleksi patogenitas terhadap isolat bakteri sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai agen bioremediasi limbah biomedis Puskesmas. Kultivasi dan purifikasi koloni bakteri dari sampel limbah cair Puskesmas Halmahera dilakukan pada media Nutrient Agar (NA). Seleksi patogenitas bakteri dilakukan dengan media MacConkey(MC) dan Blood Agar Plate (BAP). Selanjutkan seleksi bakteri proteolitik dilakukan dengan media Skim Milk Agar (SMA), sedangkan seleksi bakteri lipolitik dilakukan dengan media Tributirin 1%. Proses isolasi bakteri indigen dari limbah biomedis menghasilkan 7 isolat, yaitu H1- H7. Dari hasil seleksi patogenitas diperoleh 3 isolat bakteri yang bersifat tidak patogen H2, H3, H5 dan 1 isolat bakteri dengan tingkat patogenitas rendah H1. Hasil seleksi penghasilan enzim proteolitik menunjukkan isolat H5 mampu menghasilkan enzim protease, sedangkan hasil seleksi penghasilan enzim menunjukkan bahwa dua isolat, yaitu H1 dan H3 mampu menghasilkan enzim lipase. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari hasil penelitian ini isolat bakteri H1, H3 dan H5 merupakan isolat bakteri yang berpotensi sebagai agen bioremediasi limbah biomedis cair Puskesmas Halmahera Kota Semarang.

Kata kunci: Bioremediasi, limbah Puskesmas, bakteri proteolitik, bakteri lipolitik, limbah biomedis.

Abstract

Efforts to improve the quality of community health in the sub-district area in Indonesia were carried out by establishing Community Health Centers (Puskesmases). The increasing number of Puskesmas creates the risk of increasing the quantity of biomedical waste. Biomedical waste is dangerous because it is infectious leading to health risks and easily contaminates other wastes if not treated properly. Most of the biomedical waste processing utilizes IPAL, but not allPuskesmases have IPAL. Bioremediation is a method that could be used to manage waste by utilizing contaminant-inducing oxygen bacteria. This study aims to obtain indigenous bacteria isolates producing lipase and protease enzymes and to determine their pathogenicity levels, so they could be used as a biomedical waste bioremediation agent at the Puskesmas. Cultivation and purification of bacterial colonies from Halmahera Public Health Center wastewater samples were carried out on Nutrient Agar (NA) media. Bacterial pathogenicity selection was carried out with MacConkey (MC) and Blood Agar Plate (BAP) media. Then the selection of proteolytic bacteria was carried out with Skim Milk Agar (SMA) media, while the selection of lipolytic bacteria was carried out onTributyrin medium. The process of isolating indigenous bacteria from biomedical waste produced 7 isolates, namely H1-H7. From the results of pathogenicity tests, 3 isolates of non-pathogenic bacteria H2, H3, H5 and 1 isolate of bacteria with a low pathogenicity level H1 were obtained. Proteolytic enzyme income selection results showed that H5 isolate wasable to produce protease, while two other isolates, namely H1 and H3 were able to produce lipase. As conclusion,indigenous bacterial isolates H1, H3 and H5 obtained from this study have the potential as bioremediation agents for liquid biomedical waste of Puskesmas Halmahera of Semarang City.


Keywords


Bioremediation; Puskesmas wastewater; proteolyticbacteria; lipolyticbacteria; biomedicalwaste

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